Artrosis y discapacidad: un estudio desde el marco conceptual de la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, la Discapacidad y la Salud / Osteoarthritis and disability: A study from the conceptual framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health

Introducción: La artrosis es una enfermedad reumatológica calificada y certificada en Chile a través de la Comisión de Medicina Preventiva y de Invalidez, conforme al marco de la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, la Discapacidad y la Salud; pero se desconoce cómo la discapacidad derivada de la artrosis se relaciona con indicadores de salud y sociodemográficos a nivel local. Objetivo: Investigar asociaciones entre variables relacionadas con la condición de salud, sociodemográficas y de calificación de discapacidad de las personas con diagnóstico de artrosis inscritas en el Registro Nacional de la Discapacidad en la Región de los Ríos, entre los años 2017-2019. Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal, realizado de forma prospectiva y descriptiva en 427 personas con diagnóstico principal de artrosis. La muestra fue seleccionada de manera no probabilística desde la base de datos otorgada por la Comisión de Medicina Preventiva y de Invalidez de la región mencionada. Se utilizó el test de Chi-cuadrado y se consideró un resultado estadísticamente significativo si el valor de p < 0,05. Resultados: La muestra presentó predominantemente un grado leve de discapacidad y movilidad reducida, sexo femenino, 56-75 años de edad, casados, dueños de casa, con educación básica como máximo nivel alcanzado, residencia en zonas urbanas y adscritos al Fondo Nacional de Salud. Estas variables presentaron una asociación estadísticamente significativa con el grado de discapacidad. En variables vinculadas a la condición de salud, predominó la presencia de comorbilidades y la localización de artrosis en el miembro inferior. Hubo una asociación significativa entre el número de articulaciones afectadas y el grado de discapacidad. Conclusiones: Existe asociación entre los factores analizados y el grado de discapacidad. Los factores sociodemográficos presentaron una implicancia importante(AU)

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a rheumatological disease that produces a significant impact in functionality on people who suffer from it, generating disability at different levels. This disability is measured and certified in Chile through the Commission for Preventive Medicine and Disability under criteria established in the framework of the International Classification of Functioning. However, it is unknown if sociodemographic indicators and the disability caused by osteoarthritis are related locally. Objective: To investigate associations between variables related to health condition, sociodemographic indicators, and disability index on people with a diagnosis of osteoarthritis registered in the National Disability Registry in the Los Rios Region between the years 2017 and 2019. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study, carried out in a prospective and descriptive way in 427 people with osteoarthritis as a main diagnosis, registered in the National Disability Registry in the Los Rios Region. The sample was selected in a non-probabilistic way from the database provided by in the aforementioned region. The Chi-Squared test was used, and results were considered statistically significant if p < 0.05. Results: 53.9% of the participants presented a mild degree of disability and reduced mobility. 61.1% of the sample were female, predominantly between 56-75 years of age, married, homemakers, primary school as highest level of educational attainment, residence in urban areas, and registered with the National Health Fund. These variables presented show a statistically significant association with the degree of disability. As for those variables related to health condition, the presence of comorbidity and osteoarthritis located mainly in the lower limb predominated, and there was a significant association between the number of affected joints and the degree of disability. Conclusions: there is an association between the analyzed factors and the degree of disability, in which sociodemographic factors represented meaningful implications(AU)

Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand and Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaires: Exploring Responsiveness and Diagnostic Performance in a Sample of Outpatients with and without Hand and Wrist Complaints / Questionários Disability of the Arm Shoulder and Hand e Michigan Hand: Explorando a responsividade e performance diagnóstica em amostra de pacientes ambulatoriais com e sem queixas nas mãos e punho

Abstract Objective The present study aimed to verify whether, in an adult population with nontraumatic complaints in the upper limbs, (1) the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) are susceptible to a "ceiling effect" when compared with a sample of healthy subjects; and (2) to determine cutoff points for diagnostic performance and the intercorrelation for DASH and MHQ in both samples. Methods This was a prospective, comparative, nonrandomized study. In total, 150 subjects were included, with 75 in the case group (with disease) and 75 in the control group (without disease). This was a sample of patients recently admitted to a hand surgery outpatient clinic. Controls were matched to clinical cases according to inclusion. The ceiling effect was determined by a maximum response rate (> 15%); receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves determined cutoff points for sickness definition, and DASH and MHQ sensitivity and specificity. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results The DASH and MHQ questionnaires had no ceiling effect for the case group. In this group, 18 (24%) patients had the maximum DASH score, but none (0%) had the maximum MHQ score. For the control group, 1 (1.33%) subject had the maximum DASH score, but none scored for MHQ. For case determination, DASH scores of 7.1 had 80% sensitivity and 60.3% specificity, whereas MHQ scores of 76.9 had 56.2% sensitivity and 97.3% specificity. Conclusion The DASH and MHQ questionnaires are reliable tools to measure the impact of hand and wrist morbidities on daily activities, and they are not susceptible to ceiling effects. The DASH questionnaire is more sensitive for patient identification, whereas the MHQ is more specific. As such, the MHQ seems more appropriate when a more specific functional increase is expected.

Resumo Objetivo Verificar se, em uma população adulta com queixa não traumática dos membros superiores, (1) os questionários Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH, na sigla em inglês) e Michigan Hand Questionnaire (MHQ, na sigla em inglês) estão suscetíveis ao "efeito de teto", comparando com amostra de não-doentes; (2) determinar pontos de corte de performance diagnóstica e correlação interquestionários para DASH e MHQ em ambas as amostras. Método Estudo prospectivo, comparativo e não randomizado. Incluímos 150 pacientes, 75 no grupo caso (com doença) e 75 no grupo controle (sem doença). Trata-se de amostra de pacientes recém-admitidos em ambulatório de cirurgia da mão. Os controles foram pareados de forma balanceada de acordo com a inclusão dos casos. Determinamos a presença de efeito de teto por meio da taxa de respostas máximas (> 15%) e associamos curvas receiver operating characteristic (ROC, na sigla em inglês) para a determinação de pontos de corte para a determinação de doentes, associados a medidas de sensibilidade e especificidade. Consideramos p < 0.05 para significância estatística. Resultados Os questionários DASH e MHQ não demonstraram o efeito de teto para o grupo com doença. A porcentagem de pacientes do grupo caso com nota máxima foi de n = 18 (24%) no DASH e de 0% no MHQ. Para o grupo sem doença, 1 (1,33%) dos participantes pontuou com nota máxima para DASH, enquanto nenhum pontuou para o MHQ. Na determinação de casos, escores de DASH de 7,1 apresentam sensibilidade de 80% e especificidade de 60,3%. Para o MHQ, um escore de 76,9 apresenta sensibilidade de 56,2% e especificidade de 97,3%. Conclusão Os questionários DASH e MHQ são ferramentas confiáveis na mensuração do impacto das morbidades das mãos e dos punhos nas atividades diárias dos pacientes e não são suscetíveis a efeito de teto. O questionário DASH é mais sensível para a identificação de doentes, enquanto o MHQ é mais específico. Em situações nas quais se espera um incremento funcional mais discreto (ou mais específico), o MHQ parece mais adequado.

Legislation for disabled people in Brazil: from human dignity to social inclusion: advancing capabilities as an ethical imperative / Legislación para los discapacitados en Brasil: de la dignidad humana a la inclusión social: el avance de las capacidades como imperativo ético / Legislação para os incapacitados no Brasil: da dignidade humana à inclusão social: o avanço das capacidades como imperativo ético

Abstract The study analyzes the ethical and legal basis of Brazilian legislation for people with disabilities and verifies whether the instruments used therein are in line with national and international law. It also investigates the coherence and cohesion of the law and its ethical norms to build an inclusive and just society. Through an exploratory and integrative review, it analyzed the legal provisions in force in Brazil published on the official websites of the Brazilian federal government and available on the Internet. It was evaluated whether the definition used for persons with disabilities follows the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Also, whether it is necessary to evaluate disabilities and who should perform this task professionally. Thirty-three legal norms were found, among which only three laws and two decrees are in line with the recommendations of the UN Convention. It is necessary to review the existing norms and promote the consolidation of laws, decrees, ordinances and normative instructions regarding the rights of persons with disabilities in a uniform manner, on an adequate technical-scientific basis. This review should be consistent with the provisions of the 1988 Federal Constitution, the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Brazilian Inclusion Law.

Resumen El estudio analiza el fundamento ético y jurídico de la legislación brasileña para las personas con discapacidad y comprueba si los instrumentos allí utilizados se ajustan al Derecho nacional e internacional. Además, investiga la coherencia y cohesión de la ley y sus normas éticas para construir una sociedad inclusiva y justa. Mediante revisión exploratoria e integrativa, analizó las disposiciones legales vigentes en Brasil publicadas en los sitios web oficiales del gobierno federal brasileño y disponibles en Internet. Se evaluó si la definición utilizada para las personas con discapacidad sigue la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad. También, si es necesario evaluar las discapacidades y quién debe realizar esa tarea profesionalmente. Se encontraron 33 normas legales, entre las cuales solo tres leyes y dos decretos se ajustan a las recomendaciones de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas. Es necesario revisar las normas existentes y promover la consolidación de las leyes, decretos, ordenanzas e instrucciones normativas relativas a los derechos de las personas discapacitadas de manera uniforme, sobre una base técnico-científica adecuada. Esta revisión debe ser coherente con las disposiciones de la Constitución Federal de 1988, la Convención Internacional sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad y la Ley de Inclusión brasileña.

Resumo O estudo analisa o fundamento ético e jurídico da legislação brasileira para as pessoas com incapacidade e comprova se os instrumentos ali utilizados se ajustam ao Direito nacional e internacional. Além disso, investiga a coerência e coesão da lei e suas normas éticas para construir uma sociedade inclusiva e justa. Mediante revisão exploratória e integrativa, analisou as disposições legais vigentes no Brasil publicadas nos sites web oficiais do governo federal brasileiro e disponíveis na Internet. Avaliou-se se a definição utilizada para as pessoas com incapacidade segue a Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Incapacidade. Também, se é necessário avaliar as incapacidades e quem deve realizar essa tarefa profissionalmente. Se encontraram 33 normas legais, entre as quais somente três leis e dois decretos se ajustam às recomendações da Convenção das Nações Unidas. É necessário revisar as normas existentes e promover a consolidação das leis, decretos, regulamentos e instruções normativas relativas aos direitos das pessoas incapacitadas de maneira uniforme, sobre uma base técnico-científica adequada. Esta revisão deve ser coerente com as disposições da Constituição Federal de 1988, a Convenção Internacional sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Incapacidade e a Lei de Inclusão brasileira.

Evaluación de la discapacidad en población con trastornos mentales graves atendida en el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito (Ecuador) / Disability Assessment of Severe Mental Disorders in Metropolitan District of Quito-Ecuador Population / Avaliação da deficiência em população com transtornos mentais graves atendidas no distrito metropolitano de Quito-Equador

Resumen Introducción: en Ecuador existen parámetros de calificación de discapacidad basados en la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento de la Discapacidad y la Salud; sin embargo, los avances en investigación en el ámbito de la psiquiatría y la salud mental aún son escasos. Se empleó la Escala de Evaluación de Discapacidad de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para determinar el grado de discapacidad en población consultante. Materiales y métodos : estudio observacional, de corte transversal y correlacional. Usando un muestreo por conveniencia, se recogió información sobre discapacidad en una muestra de 297 adultos con trastornos mentales graves en contacto con servicios ambulatorios de psiquiatría. Se estimó un modelo de regresión lineal que determinó el aporte de variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y sociales. Resultados: el 89.2 % de la muestra presentó algún grado de discapacidad. El modelo multivariado final para el total de la muestra incluyó las variables explicativas edad (p = -0.234), escolaridad (p = -0.552), ser pensionado (p = 39.44), presencia de episodio depresivo actual (p = 21.654) y tener cuidador (p = 9.574), que explican el 37.46 % de la discapacidad de las personas con trastornos mentales graves atendidas en servicios de psiquiatría y salud mental en Quito. Conclusión: la discapacidad en personas con trastornos mentales graves que están en contacto con servicios de salud de Quito (Ecuador) involucra cambios en el desempeño de actividades en escenarios familiares y comunitarios. Se identificó una proporción de discapacidad moderada y severa que demanda respuestas institucionales que incluyan el acompañamiento de cuidadores y aborden barreras actitudinales.

Abstract Introduction: In Ecuador, there are disability qualification parameters based on the International Classification of the Functioning of Disability and Health; however, advances in the research fields of psychiatry and mental health are still scarce. For this particular study, The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale was used to determine the degree of disability in the consulting population. Materials and methods: The study design was an observational, cross-sectional and correlational study. Using convenience sampling, disability information was collected from a study population of 297 adults with severe mental disorders who were in contact with outpatient psychiatric services. A linear regression model was used to determine the contribution of sociodemographic, clinical, and social variables. Results: It was observed that 89.2% of the sample presented some degree of disability. The final multivariate model for the total sample included the explanatory variables of age (p = -0.234), schooling (P = -0.552), being retired (p = 39.44), presence of current depressive episode (p = 21.654), and having a caregiver (p = 9.574), which explained 37.46% of disability in people with serious mental disorders who were treated in psychiatric and mental health services in Quito. Conclusion: Disabilities in people with severe mental disorders who are in contact with health services in Quito (Ecuador) may involve changes in the performance of activities among family and community settings. We identified a proportion of moderate and severe disabilities that demand institutional responses, which includes the accompaniment of caregivers and also addresses attitudinal barriers.

Resumo Introdução: no Equador, existem parâmetros de qualificação de deficiência com base na Classificação Internacional do Funcionamento da Deficiência e da Saúde; no entanto, avanços em pesquisas no âmbito da psiquiatria e saúde mental ainda são escassos. Empregou-se a Escala de Avaliação da Deficiência da Organização Mundial da Saúde, para se determinar o grau de deficiência na população avaliada. Materiais e métodos: estudo observacional, de corte transversal e correlacional. Usando uma amostragem por conveniência coletou-se informação sobre deficiência em uma amostra de 297 adultos com transtornos mentais graves em contato com serviços ambulatórios em psiquiatria. Estimou-se um modelo de regressão linear que determinou a contribuição de variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e sociais. Resultados: 89.2% da amostra apresentou algum grau de deficiência. O modelo multivariado final para o total da amostra incluiu as variáveis explicativas idade (p=-0,234), escolaridade (p=-0,552), ser aposentado (p=39,44), presença de episódio depressivo atual (p=21,654) e, ter cuidador (p=9,574), explicando 37,46% da deficiência em pessoas com transtornos mentais graves atendidas em serviços de psiquiatria e saúde mental em Quito. Conclusão: A deficiência em pessoas com transtornos mentais graves que estão em contato com serviços de saúde em Quito (Equador) envolve mudanças no desempenho de atividades em cenários familiares e comunitários. Identificou-se uma proporção de deficiência moderada e severa que demandam respostas institucionais que inclua o acompanhamento de cuidadores e abordem barreiras de atitude.

Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida da Pessoa com Deficiência: revisão sistemática da literatura / Assessment of the Quality of Life of People with Disabilities: A systematic review of the literature / Evaluación de la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad: una revisión sistemática de la literatura

Introdução: O conceito de Qualidade de Vida (QV) é referência central na produção do cuidado integral à saúde da Pessoa com Deficiência (PcD). Objetivo: Realizar a revisão sistemática da produção científica sobre QV de PcD, no período de 2009 a 2019. Método: Identificação de artigos mediante buscas simples e booleana pelos descritores - deficiência/pessoa com deficiência/disabled persons /persons with disabilities; avaliação/assessment/evaluation; qualidade de vida/quality of life; avaliação da qualidade de vida/assessment of quality of life, nas bases LILACS, SciELO, Cochrane Library, PubMed/MedLine e Google Acadêmico. Resultados: Atenderam aos critérios de seleção e foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo 19 estudos. Desses, 13 utilizaram os instrumentos criados pela OMS: dois WHOQOL-100 e sete sua versão abreviada o WHOQOL-bref; um WHOQOL-OLD - módulo complementar para avaliação de pessoas idosas; uma versão Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale - SSQOL - específica para pessoas com acidente vascular cerebral; um o WHOQOL-DIS - específico para PcD motora e intelectual e um estudo o WHODAS 2.0. Entre os restantes um estudo usou o SF-36; um Kidscreen; um GENCAT; um QoL-Q (QQV em português) e um PedsQL versão 4.0. Conclusão: Os instrumentos genéricos são os mais utilizados. Eles permitem comparações da QV da PcD com outras populações, mas não permitem a observação mais aprofundada de suas especificidades. Se o objetivo da pesquisa for obter informações sobre dimensões a serem preconizadas no cuidado em saúde da PcDs é recomendável que sejam utilizados instrumentos específicos, que destacam as dimensões física, psicológica/emocional, relações sociais e meio ambiente, além dos aspectos autonomia, autodeterminação, inclusão, direitos da PcD.

Introduction: The concept of quality of life (QOL) is a central reference when producing comprehensive health care for people with disabilities (PWD). Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the scientific production on the QOL of PWD from 2009 to 2019. Method: Identification of articles through simple and Boolean search with the descriptors: deficiência/pessoa com deficiência/disabled persons /persons with disabilities; avaliação/assessment/evaluation; qualidade de vida/quality of life; avaliação da qualidade de vida/assessment of the quality of life, in LILACS, SciELO, Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. Results: A total of 19 studies met the selection criteria and were submitted to content analysis. Of these, 13 used instruments created by WHO: two used WHOQOL-100, and seven, its abbreviated version, WHOQOL-BREF; one, WHOQOL-OLD ­ add-on module to assess older adults; one, the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale ­ SS-QOL ­ specific for people with a stroke; one, WHOQOL-DIS ­ specific for people with motor and intellectual disability; and one, WHODAS 2.0. Of the others, one study used the SF-36; one, Kidscreen; one, GENCAT; one QOL- Q; and one, PedsQL 4.0. Conclusion: The generic instruments are the most used. They allow for the comparison of QOL of PWD with that of other populations, though more in-depth observation of their specificities is not made possible. If the research aims to obtain information on dimensions to be recommended in the health care of PWD, they should use specific instruments, which highlight the physical, psychological/emotional, social relationships, and environmental dimensions, besides the autonomy, self-determination, inclusion, and rights of the PWD.

Introducción: El concepto de calidad de vida (QOL) es una referencia central en la producción de atención integral de salud para Personas con Discapacidad (PcD). Objetivo: llevar a cabo una revisión sistemática de la producción científica sobre la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad, en el período de 2009 a 2019. Método: identificación de artículos mediante búsquedas simples y booleanas por los descriptores - discapacidad/personas con discapacidad/personas con discapacidad; evaluación; qalidad de vida/qalidad de vida/evaluación de calidad de vida/ evaluación de qalidad de vida basada en LILACS, SciELO, Cochrane Library-, PubMed/MedLine y Google Scholar. Resultados: cumplieron con los criterios de selección y fueron enviados análisis de contenido 19 estudios. De estos, 13 utilizaron los instrumentos creados por la OMS: dos WHOQOL-100 y siete su versión abreviada WHOQOL-bref; uno WHOQOL-OLD - módulo complementario para evaluar a las personas mayores; uno la versión de la Escala de calidad de vida específica para el accidente cerebrovascular - SSQOL - específica para personas con accidente cerebrovascular; uno WHOQOL-DIS - específico para PwD motor e intelectual y uno WHODAS 2.0. Entre el resto se utilizaron: uno SF-36; uno pantalla para niños; uno GENCAT; uno QoL-Q (QQV en portugués) y uno PedsQL versión 4. Conclusión: Los instrumentos genéricos son los más utilizados. Permiten comparaciones de QoL de PcD con otras poblaciones, pero no permiten una observación más detallada de sus especificidades. Si el objetivo del estudio es obtener información sobre las dimensiones que se promoverán en la atención de la salud de las personas con discapacidad, se recomienda utilizar instrumentos específicos que resalten las dimensiones físicas, psicológicas / emocionales, de las relaciones sociales y del entorno, además de los aspectos de autonomía, autodeterminación , inclusión, derechos de PcD.

Mapeamento das incapacidades cinésio-funcionais de acordo com a CIF em pessoas diagnosticadas com hanseníase / Mapping of functional movement related disabilities based on the ICF model in persons with leprosy

As sequelas da hanseníase interferem no bem-estar físico, na vida pessoal e socioeconômica. Devido a essa complexidade, fica difícil relatar objetivamente a abrangência do impacto da hanseníase, porém, o modelo de Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) surgiu para classificar as condições de doença e suas consequências biopsicossociais, facilitando o diagnóstico clínico funcional de uma maneira mais realística, além da esfera biomédica. O objetivo deste estudo foi mapear as incapacidades cinésio-funcionais de pessoas com hanseníase utilizando a CIF. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com amostra composta por pessoas com hanseníase, recrutadas no Centro de Especialidades Médicas de Aracaju e Hospital Universitário. Para coleta de dados foram utilizadas avaliações padronizadas e validadas, representando cada domínio da CIF. A análise foi descritiva e as disfunções, que foram prevalentes em 5% dos participantes, foram selecionadas como relevantes. Participaram 29 voluntários, 44,9 (±13,72) anos, 60% sexo masculino. As incapacidades funcionais mais presentes foram: 1) Estrutura do corpo - "Estrutura das áreas da pele - s810" com 78%; 2) Função do corpo - "Função tátil - b265" e "Funções relacionadas a força muscular - b730" com 100% de presença; 3) Atividade - "Levantar e carregar objetos - d430" e "Andar - d450" apresentaram limitação em 100% dos participantes; 4) Participação "Recreação e Lazer - d920" foi observada em 89% dos participantes; 5) Impacto ambiental - "Serviços, sistemas e políticas de saúde - e580" em 56% dos participantes e nos fatores pessoais o estigma com 100% de presença. Este estudo determinou quais aspectos biopsicossociais são os mais relevantes em pessoas com hanseníase e os seus resultados podem ser usados como planejamento de prevenção e tratamento dessa doença. (AU)

Leprosy sequelae interfere with physical, personal and socioeconomic life. Due to this complexity, it is difficult to objectively report the extent of the impact of leprosy; however, the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) model classifies disease clinical conditions and their biopsychosocial consequences, facilitating a more realistic functional clinical diagnosis of leprosy, beyond the biomedical sphere. The objective of this study was to map the functional movement related disabilities of people with leprosy using the ICF. This is a cross-sectional study, with a sample composed of people with leprosy, recruited at the Aracaju Medical Specialty Center and University Hospital. For data collection, standardized and validated evaluations were used, representing each ICF domain. The analysis was descriptive, and the dysfunctions that were prevalent in 5% of the participants were selected as relevant. Twenty-nine volunteers participated, 44.9 (± 13.72) years, 60% male. The most present functional disabilities were: 1) Structure of the body - "Structure of the skin areas - s810" with 78%; 2) Body function - "Tactile function - b265" and "Functions related to muscular strength - b730" with 100% presence; 3) Activity - "Lifting and loading objects - d430" and "Floor - d450" presented limitation in 100% of participants; 4) Participation "Recreation and Leisure - d920" was observed in 89% of participants; 5) Environmental impact - "Health services, systems and policies - e580" in 56% of the participants and in the personal factors the stigma with 100% presence. This study determined which biopsychosocial aspects are most relevant in people with leprosy and its results can be used as planning for the prevention and treatment of this disease. (AU)

Determinantes sociales de la salud y la enfermedad visual en caficultores de Caldas, Colombia / Social Determinants of Health and Visual Disease in Coffee Harvesters from Colombia

Introducción: Aunque existen iniciativas globales que buscan mejorar la salud visual en las poblaciones y alcanzar una mayor inclusión social de las personas afectadas con pérdida de la visión, coexisten barreras importantes como la poca accesibilidad y equidad de los servicios de salud y las diferencias económicas y de género que impiden obtener mejores indicadores. Objetivo: Establecer la asociación entre los determinantes sociales de la salud y la enfermedad visual en una comunidad de caficultores en el Departamento de Caldas, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional en el que participaron 1387 caficultores. La información se recolectó en el momento de la valoración por optometría. Se aplicó un cuestionario para explorar los determinantes sociales de la salud estructurales e intermedios y datos relacionados con salud visual. La asociación entre las variables fue establecida a través de la prueba de chi cuadrado. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 57 años ± 10,7 años, 77,3 por ciento hombres, el 97,2 por ciento pertenecía al estrato socioeconómico bajo y un 73 por ciento habían realizado estudios primarios. Las enfermedades visuales más frecuentes fueron los trastornos de refracción en un 85,7 por ciento, el principal diagnóstico fue la presbicia con una prevalencia de 75,8 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento: 73,5 por ciento; 78,03 por ciento). En el análisis bivariado se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05) entre el diagnóstico de optometría y los determinantes sociales de la salud estructurales e intermedios: sexo, estado civil, grupo de edad, nivel educativo, estrato socioeconómico y ocupación. Conclusiones: La enfermedad visual en caficultores se encuentra influenciada por determinantes sociales de la salud estructurales e intermedios, modificables con acciones intersectoriales y transectoriales como el nivel educativo, estrato socioeconómico y la ocupación, los que deben ser incorporados a las políticas públicas para mejorar su calidad de vida y reducir la ceguera prevenible(AU)

Introduction: Although there are global initiatives aimed at improving visual health in populations and at achieving greater social inclusion of people affected with vision loss, important barriers coexist such as poor accessibility and equity of healthcare services and economic and gender-related differences that prevent obtaining better indicators. Objective: To establish the association between the social determinants of health and visual disease in a community of coffee harvesters in the department of Caldas, Colombia. Methods: Descriptive and correlational study with the participation of 1,387 coffee harvesters. The information was collected at the time of optometric assessment. A questionnaire was applied to explore the structural and intermediate social determinants of health and data related to visual health. The association between the variables was established through the chi-square test. Results: The average age was 57 years ± 10.7 years, 77.3 percent were men, 97.2 percent belonged to the low socioeconomic stratum and 73 percent had completed elementary school. The most frequent visual diseases were refractive disorders, account ting for 85.7 percent; and the main diagnosis was presbyopia, with a prevalence of 75.8 percent (95 percent CI: 73.5 percent; 78.03 percent). The bivariate analysis showed a statistically significant association (p<0.05) between the diagnosis of optometry and the structural and intermediate social determinants of health: sex, marital status, age group, educational level, socioeconomic status, and occupation. Conclusions: Visual disease in coffee harvesters is influenced by structural and intermediate social determinants of health, modifiable with intersector and cross-sector actions such as educational level, socioeconomic stratum, and occupation, which must be incorporated into public policies to improve their quality of life and to reduce preventable blindness(AU)

Determinantes sociales de la salud y la enfermedad visual en caficultores de Caldas, Colombia / Social Determinants of Health and Visual Disease in Coffee Harvesters from Colombia

RESUMEN Introducción: Aunque existen iniciativas globales que buscan mejorar la salud visual en las poblaciones y alcanzar una mayor inclusión social de las personas afectadas con pérdida de la visión, coexisten barreras importantes como la poca accesibilidad y equidad de los servicios de salud y las diferencias económicas y de género que impiden obtener mejores indicadores. Objetivo: Establecer la asociación entre los determinantes sociales de la salud y la enfermedad visual en una comunidad de caficultores en el Departamento de Caldas, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional en el que participaron 1387 caficultores. La información se recolectó en el momento de la valoración por optometría. Se aplicó un cuestionario para explorar los determinantes sociales de la salud estructurales e intermedios y datos relacionados con salud visual. La asociación entre las variables fue establecida a través de la prueba de chi cuadrado. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 57 años ± 10,7 años, 77,3 % hombres, el 97,2 % pertenecía al estrato socioeconómico bajo y un 73 % habían realizado estudios primarios. Las enfermedades visuales más frecuentes fueron los trastornos de refracción en un 85,7 %, el principal diagnóstico fue la presbicia con una prevalencia de 75,8 % (IC 95 %: 73,5 %; 78,03 %). En el análisis bivariado se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05) entre el diagnóstico de optometría y los determinantes sociales de la salud estructurales e intermedios: sexo, estado civil, grupo de edad, nivel educativo, estrato socioeconómico y ocupación. Conclusiones: La enfermedad visual en caficultores se encuentra influenciada por determinantes sociales de la salud estructurales e intermedios, modificables con acciones intersectoriales y transectoriales como el nivel educativo, estrato socioeconómico y la ocupación, los que deben ser incorporados a las políticas públicas para mejorar su calidad de vida y reducir la ceguera prevenible.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although there are global initiatives aimed at improving visual health in populations and at achieving greater social inclusion of people affected with vision loss, important barriers coexist such as poor accessibility and equity of healthcare services and economic and gender-related differences that prevent obtaining better indicators. Objective: To establish the association between the social determinants of health and visual disease in a community of coffee harvesters in the department of Caldas, Colombia. Methods: Descriptive and correlational study with the participation of 1,387 coffee harvesters. The information was collected at the time of optometric assessment. A questionnaire was applied to explore the structural and intermediate social determinants of health and data related to visual health. The association between the variables was established through the chi-square test. Results: The average age was 57 years ± 10.7 years, 77.3% were men, 97.2% belonged to the low socioeconomic stratum and 73% had completed elementary school. The most frequent visual diseases were refractive disorders, account ting for 85.7%; and the main diagnosis was presbyopia, with a prevalence of 75.8% (95% CI: 73.5%; 78.03%). The bivariate analysis showed a statistically significant association (p<0.05) between the diagnosis of optometry and the structural and intermediate social determinants of health: sex, marital status, age group, educational level, socioeconomic status, and occupation. Conclusions: Visual disease in coffee harvesters is influenced by structural and intermediate social determinants of health, modifiable with intersector and cross-sector actions such as educational level, socioeconomic stratum, and occupation, which must be incorporated into public policies to improve their quality of life and to reduce preventable blindness.

Discapacidad y determinantes sociales de la salud en personas con enfermedad cerebrovascular, San Juan de Pasto (Colombia) / Disability and social determinants of health in people with cerebrovascular disease, San Juan de Pasto (Colombia) / Incapacidade e determinantes sociais da saúde em pessoas com doença cerebrovascular, San Juan de Pasto (Colômbia)

Resumen Introducción: Los seres humanos expresan sus dimensiones biológica, psicológica y social en las capacidades para realizar diferentes actividades cotidianas y participar socialmente, de acuerdo con las oportunidades brindadas en el contexto en que viven. Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre los determinantes sociales de la salud y el funcionamiento humano -desde los componentes "actividad" y "participación"- en personas con enfermedad cerebrovascular de San Juan de Pasto (Colombia). Metodología: Estudio de corte, con una muestra intencional de 98 personas con diagnóstico de enfermedad cerebrovascular, mayores de 18 años, con mínimo 6 meses de evolución de la lesión, sin déficit cognitivo ni de lenguaje, usuarios de instituciones de salud y centros especializados de la ciudad de Pasto. Se utilizó un instrumento para valorar los determinantes sociales de la salud de personas con esta enfermedad y otro que permitió evaluar su actividad y participación. Resultados: Se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre el estrato socioeconómico, la condición de vivienda y el consumo de medicamentos, con la limitación en la actividad y la restricción en la participación (p<0,05). Conclusiones: Los resultados proporcionan evidencia respecto a las limitaciones en la actividad, las restricciones en la participación y las inequidades sociales en la población con enfermedad cerebrovascular de la ciudad de San Juan de Pasto estudiada. Esta información puede ser utilizada para adelantar iniciativas y acciones públicas a nivel departamental, enfatizando en las condiciones sociales y en aspectos multidimensionales de la discapacidad.

Abstract Introduction: Human beings express their biological, psychological and social dimensions in their capacity to perform different daily activities and participate socially, according to the opportunities provided in the context in which they live. Objective: To establish the relationship between the social determinants of health and human functioning - from the "activity" and "participation" components - in people with cerebrovascular disease in San Juan de Pasto (Colombia). Methodology: Cross-sectional study, with an intentional sample of 98 people diagnosed with cerebrovascular disease, over 18 years of age, with a minimum of 6 months of evolution of the lesion, without cognitive or language deficit, users of health institutions and specialized centers of the city of Pasto. An instrument was used to assess the social determinants of the health of people with this disease and another that enabled an assessment of their activity and participation. Results: Significant correlations were found between the socioeconomic stratum, the housing condition and the consumption of medications, with activity limitation and participation restriction (p <0.05). Conclusions: The results provide evidence on activity limitations, participation restrictions and social inequities in the population with cerebrovascular disease in the city of San Juan de Pasto studied. This information can be used to advance public initiatives and actions at the departmental level, emphasizing social conditions and the multidimensional aspects of disability.

Resumo Introdução: Os seres humanos expressam suas dimensões biológica, psicológica e social nas capacidades de realizar diferentes atividades diárias e participar socialmente, de acordo com as oportunidades oferecidas no contexto em que vivem. Objetivo: Estabelecer a relação entre determinantes sociais da saúde e funcionamento humano — a partir dos componentes "atividade" e "participação" — em pessoas com doença cerebrovascular de San Juan de Pasto (Colômbia). Metodologia: Estudo transversal, com amostra intencional de 98 pessoas diagnosticadas com doença cerebrovascular, om mais de 18 anos, com mínimo 6 meses de evolução da lesão, sem déficit cognitivo ou de linguagem, usuários de instituições de saúde e centros especializados na cidade de Pasto. Utilizou-se um instrumento para avaliar os determinantes sociais da saúde das pessoas com esta doença e outro instrumento que permitiu avaliar sua atividade e participação. Resultados: Foram encontradas correlações significativas entre o nível socioeconômico, a condição de moradia e o consumo de medicamentos, com limitação de atividade e restrição de participação (p<0,05). Conclusão: Os resultados fornecem evidências sobre limitações de atividades, as restrições de participação e desigualdades sociais na população com doença cerebrovascular na cidade de San Juan de Pasto que foi estudada. Esta informação pode ser utilizada para promover iniciativas e ações públicas no departamento, enfatizando as condições sociais e os aspectos multidimensionais da deficiência.

International classification of functioning in professional rehabilitation: instruments for assessing work disability / Classificação internacional de funcionalidade na reabilitação profissional: instrumentos de avaliação da incapacidade laboral

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To review the main instruments of functional assessment and health status cited in the literature to evaluate Brazilian workers and verify the compatibility of their items with the core set for professional rehabilitation. METHODS A review of the literature was conducted in the main databases in search of articles that used assessment instruments in populations of workers between 2007 and 2017. Subsequently, the contents of the identified instruments were retrieved, and two evaluators analyzed their items to verify the compatibility with the categories of the core set of the International Classification of Functioning for professional rehabilitation. Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to evaluate the agreement between the evaluators. RESULTS Five specific and eight generic instruments were selected to evaluate the functioning of workers. The analysis of the items of the total instruments allowed the definition of 58 categories (64.5%) of the core set with minimal overlap: 13 (76.5%) of the body functions component, 29 (72.5%) of the activities and participation component and 16 (49%) environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS The association of several instruments requires time and makes it difficult to use the classification. The development of instruments with direct association with its categories is essential to operationalize it.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Revisar os principais instrumentos de avaliação funcional e situação de saúde citados na literatura para avaliar trabalhadores brasileiros e verificar a compatibilidade de seus itens com o core set para reabilitação profissional. MÉTODOS Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura nas principais bases de dados em busca de artigos que utilizaram instrumentos de avaliação em populações de trabalhadores entre 2007 e 2017. Posteriormente foram recuperados os conteúdos dos instrumentos identificados e dois avaliadores analisaram seus itens para verificar a compatibilidade com as categorias do core set da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade para reabilitação profissional. O coeficiente kappa de Cohen foi utilizado para avaliar a concordância entre os avaliadores. RESULTADOS Foram selecionados cinco instrumentos específicos e oito genéricos que avaliaram a funcionalidade de trabalhadores. A análise dos itens do total de instrumentos permitiu o preenchimento de 58 categorias (64,5%) do core set com o mínimo de sobreposição: 13 (76,5%) do componente funções corporais, 29 (72,5%) do componente de atividades e participação e 16 (49%) de fatores ambientais. CONCLUSÕES A associação de vários instrumentos requer tempo e dificulta o uso da classificação. A elaboração de instrumentos com associação direta às suas categorias se faz essencial para operacionalizá-la.

Applicability of the ICF-CY in evaluating children with disabilities and family support: an integrative literature review / Aplicabilidade da CIF-CJ na avaliação de crianças com deficiências e o apoio familiar: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

ABSTRACT Purpose: to verify and update information on the applicability of functional assessment through the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health - Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY) in children with disabilities. Methods: a search was carried out on the databases of the Virtual Health Library Research Portal, EBSCOhost and Google Scholar, using a combination of the key words "children with disabilities", "ICF" and "mobility". Results: altogether, 2,773 studies were identified; however, after the filters were applied, only 27 were selected. After an explored analysis of the themes of the articles, this diagnosis revealed four analytical categories: environment (4 articles), quality of movement (3 articles), family (4 articles), and professionals (16 articles). Conclusion: in face of the sufferings experienced by families with disabled people, different possible approaches to this phenomenon were pointed out. Therefore, a greater effort of investigation and intervention in these fields are necessary, further exploring this tool.

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar e atualizar as informações da aplicabilidade da avaliação funcional por meio da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde - versão para Crianças e Jovens (CIF-CJ) em crianças com deficiências. Métodos: foi realizada a partir da busca de dados em bases eletrônicas do Portal de Pesquisas da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, EBSCOhoste Google Scholar utilizando combinação das palavras chaves "crianças com deficiências", "CIF" e "mobilidade". Resultados: identificou-se 2.773 estudos, após a aplicação dos filtros apenas 27 artigos foram selecionados. Após uma análise explorada das temáticas dos artigos, tal diagnóstico revelou quatro categorias analíticas: ambiente (4 artigos), qualidade de movimento (3 artigos), família (4 artigos) e profissionais (16 artigos). Conclusão: frente os sofrimentos vivenciados pelas famílias com integrantes com deficiência, foram apontadas diferentes possibilidades de abordagem deste fenômeno. Assim é necessário direcionar um maior esforço de investigação e intervenção nestes domínios e explorar mais a respeito desta ferramenta.

Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and their risk factors among lung cancer patients: A cross-sectional study in a tertiary care center, Kolkata

Background: Depression and anxiety disorders are common among lung cancer patients posing serious problem of treatment interruption, thereby poor prognosis and deterioration of quality of life. Objectives: The aim of the study was to find the prevalence of depression and anxiety among lung cancer patients and their respective determinants. Materials and Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional prospective study was conducted at the Department of Pulmonary Medicine of a tertiary care hospital at Kolkata over a period of 6 months. Patients were included by complete enumeration method, and an exit interview was conducted with the help of two standardized questionnaires: WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 to assess disability and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview English Version 5.0.0 DSM-IV to detect current major depressive episode (MDE) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Collected data were entered and analyzed in SPSS 20.0 software. Results: A total of 210 patients were recruited. Nearly three-fourths of the study population (73.7%) were suffering from current GAD; a significant portion (42.1%) was suffering from current MDE. Both the disorders were diagnosed in 42.1% cases. Multivariate analyses revealed that patients who were currently unemployed or retired, time since diagnosis more than 1 month and suffering from higher degree of disability had higher risk of depression; while patients who were residing at urban area, currently not earning, financially dependent to others and suffering from higher degree of disability had greater risk of developing anxiety during the course of the disease. Conclusion: Both depression and anxiety were quite prevalent among lung cancer patients. Social and psychological supports are to be raised to achieve treatment success and a better quality of life by mitigating this problem.

Evaluation of Functioning for Aging Patients with Stroke Using World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To apply World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) as a tool to assess the functioning of the old patients after stroke. Methods:From August, 2018 to February, 2019, 107 old inpatients with stroke were divided into four groups according to the course of disease: ≤ 6 months, 7-12 months, 13-18 months and 19-24 months. They were assessed with WHODAS 2.0 and modified Barthel Index (MBI) at admission and discharge. Results:The scores of both MBI and total WHODAS 2.0 improved at discharge (t > 2.481, P < 0.001). WHODAS 2.0 total scores decreased with the course of disease (F = 3.444, P < 0.05), but no significant decrease was found in the domains of Getting Along, Life Activities and Participation (F < 2.410, P > 0.05). WHODAS 2.0 total scores negatively correlated with MBI score (r = -0.540, P < 0.001), except the scores of domains of Life Activities and Participation (r = 0.184, P > 0.05). Conclusion:WHODAS 2.0 can be used as a tool to assess and follow up the function and disability of old stroke patients.

Functioning Evaluation for Patients with Chronic Diseases Using World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To test the reliability and validity of World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) for assessment of functioning for people with chronic diseases. Methods:From December, 2017 to June, 2018, 346 patients with chronic diseases who received rehabilitation interventions in Huadong Hospital-Jing'an District Rehabilitation Medical Association were selected and evaluated with WHODAS 2.0, and re-evaluated after two weeks. According to the actual use of clinical rehabilitation, in order to improve the accuracy of functional measurement, the items had been added in the second domain Getting Around including Handling, Moving and Manipulating Objects, while added in the third domain Self Care including Caring for Body Parts and Toileting, and added in the fourth domain Getting Along with People including Establishing Formal Social Interpersonal Relationship, with a total of 40 items. The content reliability and structural validity of the scale with four items added were verified by internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability and confirmatory factor analysis. Results:The Cronbach's α coefficient of the internal consistency reliability was 0.981, the Pearson coefficient of the test-retest reliability was 0.977 (P < 0.001). The final model of the scale with confirmatory factor analysis had good structural validity: the standardized factor loads between potential variables and corresponding measurement indicators were 0.710-0.960, and the standard errors were 0.023-0.066; Chi square degrees of freedom < 5, root-mean-square error of approximation < 0.1, standardized root mean square residual < 0.08, the comparatice fit index, normal of fit index, relative fit index, incremental fit index and Tucker-Lewis index all > 0.9; the reliability coefficients of the observed variables were > 0.5, the combined reliability of each potential variable > 0.6, and all the average variance extraction of each potential variable > 0.5, all P < 0.001, absolute value of the standardized residual < 3, Modification Index < 4. There was significant difference in the total score and scores of domains among the patients with different diseases (F > 10.21, P < 0.001) Conclusion:WHODAS 2.0 can be used as an assessment tool for the overall health and functioning for people with chronic diseases. Each item, including four new items added, had good content reliability and structural validity.

Comparison of Classification of the Impairment Related to Injury and Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To perfect disability assessment in China. Methods:The nature and method of disability compensation inside and outside China were reviewed, as well as the promulgation of disability assessment outside the region. The Classification of the Impairment Related to Injury was analyzed based on the Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (GEPI). Results:The Classification of the Impairment Related to Injury was consistent with GEPI in general, but there also were some problems, such as the omission of clauses, and lacking the promoted principle of multiple injury. Conclusion:The Classification of the Impairment Related to Injury is universal. But it needs to take quantification of impairment of GEPI as reference, and refine the principle and supplement of the promoted principle, to meet the practical needs of disability assessment in China.

The burden and disability assessment in patients with primary headache / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Background@#Headache is a common disorder among population. 47% of population of the world suffers from the primary headache. Due to the chronic lasting process of headaches, individuals lose productivity, get depression because of negative impact on people’s quality of life and economic status. </br> Headache disorders are amongst the top ten causes of disability in Europe [4]. Three of these (migraine, tension-type headache and medication-overuse headache) are important in primary care because they are common and responsible for almost all headache-related burden. </br> The burden is immense on workers, women and children in terms of missing work and school days. The personal and social burden of primary headache is high. Health, occupational, social, and psychological factors contributing to burden in people with disabling headache have not been fully unraveled. Headache disorders are not perceived by the public as serious since they are mostly episodic, do not cause death, and are not contagious. A large number of people with headache disorders are not diagnosed and treated: worldwide only 40% of those with migraine or tension-type headache (TTH) are professionally diagnosed and only 10% of those with medication-overuse headache (MOH).</br> There are no studies on the burden and disability assessment in patients with primary headache in our country, therefore a need for conducting this study.@*Goal@#The burden and disability assessment in patients with primary headache in Mongolian adults. @*Methods and Materials@#This cross-sectional study was carried out from June to November of 2017. Participants aged 18-65 years old randomly were selected from four aimags of Mongolia and three districts of Ulaanbaatar city. They were visited by door to door calling and surveyed using the HARDSHIP and Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) questionnaire. The diagnosis of headache was made using the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 beta. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS-23 program, and level of depression in headache present patients was determined by odds ratio (OR). Study methodology introduced at Ethical review Committee of “Ach” Medical University and approved in 2017 (№17/3/2).@*Results@#There were 2043 participants 39.7% and 60.3% of them were men and women respectively. The mean age of them was 38.0±13.4 years. 57.4% (n=1173) of participants had headache, and 27.4%, 30.0%, 11.2% and 7.5% of them had migraine, tension-type headache, chronic headache and medication overuse headache respectively. 42% of participants with headache had the median duration of suffering 7 years (IQR=3-13 years). Out of 1173 participants with headache 20.7% had depression. 23% of participants with migraine had depression whereas 68.2 % and 47% of participants with chronic headache and medicine overuse headache had depression respectively. Participants with migraine were 1.85 (OR: 1.85, CI: 95%, 1.39-2.47) times, with chronic headache 3.40 (OR: 3.40, CI: 95%, 2.04-5.67) times and medicine overuse headache 3.31 (OR: 3.31, CI: 95%, 1,50-7.30) times more likely to suffer from depression compare to participants with no headache. </br> People with migraine loses their productivity 10.6 days/m, with chronic headache 19.7 days/m, with MOH 20.3 days/ m. According the MIDAS (migraine disability assessment) people with migraine has mild disability, while people with chronic headache and MOH had middle score of disability. @*Conclusion@#The prevalence of primary headaches is high among Mongolian adults. These headaches cause disability, impair work, study and daily activities, decrease life quality, and brings unrecognized socioeconomic burden.

Relación entre las características sociodemográficas y la discapacidad en adultos del municipio de Sabanalarga - Atlántico / Relationship between the sociodemographic characteristics and disabilities in adults from the municipality of Sabanalarga - Atlantico / Relação entre as características sociodemográficas e a deficiência em adultos do município de Sabanalarga - Atlántico

Introducción. En el Informe mundial de discapacidad publicado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud en 2011, se reportó que más de 1,000 millones de personas viven con algún tipo de discapacidad; el panorama muestra que la proporción de discapacidad está en aumento. La discapacidad se relaciona de forma importante con situaciones de vulnerabilidad, pobreza, bajos ingresos socioeconómicos, menor escolaridad, mayor desempleo y dificultades para el acceso de vivienda. Objetivo. Hallar la correlación entre las variables sociodemográficas y la discapacidad en personas adultas del municipio de Sabanalarga, Colombia. Metodología. Estudio analítico; se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico de 125 sujetos voluntarios con discapacidad del municipio de Sabanalarga, con edad igual o mayor a 20 años y con más de seis meses de evolución de la limitación permanente. Se utilizó el World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule versión 2.0, validado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Resultados. De las áreas evaluadas (escala de 0 a 100 puntos), el mayor promedio de puntuación fue movilidad 32.1± 26.3537 y el área con menor promedio de puntuación fue autocuidado 14.3± 20.1740 puntos. Las variables sociodemográficas edad y rango de edad, presentaron asociación significativa con cognición, movilidad y puntuación global de discapacidad, con un P Valor de 0.000 y un intervalo de confianza del 95 %. Conclusiones. A partir de los resultados es posible afirmar que en la población participante a mayor edad mayor discapacidad. [Gil-Obando LM, López-López A, Manotas-Guzmán YM, Martínez-Cervantes SD. Relación entre las características sociodemográficas y la discapacidad en adultos del municipio de Sabanalarga ­ Atlántico. MedUNAB. 2019;21(3):378-388. doi: 10.29375/01237047.2796]

Introduction. The World Report on Disability published by the World Health Organization in 2011 reported that over 1 billion people live with some kind of disability. The outlook shows that the proportion of disabilities is growing. Disabilities are significantly related to situations involving vulnerability, poverty, low socioeconomic income, less schooling, greater unemployment and housing access difficulties. Objective. To find the correlation between the sociodemographic variables and disabilities in adults from the municipality of Sabanalarga, Colombia. Methodology. Analytical study; a non-probabilistic sample was taken of 125 voluntary subjects with disabilities in the municipality of Sabanalarga whose age was equal to or greater than 20 years of age and with over six months of development of the permanent limitation. The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, version 2, validated by the World Health Organization, was used. Results. Of the evaluated areas (on a scale of 0 to 100 points), the greatest average score was mobility, at 32.1 ± 26.3537, and the area with the lowest average score was self-care, at 14.3 ± 20.1740 points. The sociodemographic variables of age and age range presented a significant association with cognition, mobility and the global disability score, with a P value of 0.000 and a confidence interval of 95 %. Conclusions. Based on the results, it is possible to state that the greater the age, the greater the disabilities in the participating population. [Gil-Obando LM, López-López A, Manotas-Guzmán YM, Martínez-Cervantes SD. Relationship between the Sociodemographic Characteristics and Disabilities in Adults from the Municipality of Sabanalarga - Atlántico. MedUNAB. 2019;21(3):378-388. doi: 10.29375/01237047.2796]

Introdução. No Relatório mundial sobre a deficiência publicado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde em 2011, sob o título World Report on Disability, foi relatado que mais de 1 bilhão de pessoas vivem com algum tipo de deficiência; o panorama mostra que a proporção de deficiências está aumentando. A deficiência está significativamente relacionada com situações de vulnerabilidade, pobreza, baixa renda, menor escolaridade, maior desemprego e dificuldades de acesso à moradia. Objetivo. Identificar a correlação entre as variáveis sociodemográficas e a deficiência em pessoas adultas do município de Sabanalarga, Colômbia. Métodos. Estudo analítico com amostra não probabilística realizado em 125 indivíduos voluntários com deficiência, do municipio de Sabanalarga, com idade igual ou superior a 20 anos e com mais de seis meses de desenvolvimento da limitação permanente. Utilizou-se o World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule versão 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), validado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Resultados. Das áreas avaliadas (escala de 0 a 100 pontos), o maior escore médio foi o domínio Mobilidade com 32.1± 26.3537 e a área com menor escore médio foi o domínio Autocuidado com 14.3± 20.1740 pontos. As variáveis sociodemográficas idade e faixa etária apresentaram associação significativa com Cognição, mobilidade e pontuação geral de deficiência, com um valor-p de 0.000 e intervalo de confiança de 95 %. Conclusão. A partir dos resultados é possível afirmar que na população participante, quanto mais anos de vida mais deficiências. [Gil-Obando LM, López-López A, Manotas- Guzmán YM, Martínez-Cervantes SD. Relação entre as características sociodemográficas e a deficiência em adultos do município de Sabanalarga - Atlántico. MedUNAB. 2019;21(3):378-388. doi: 10.29375/01237047.2796]

Functioning and Disability for Patients with Spinal Cord Injury or Traumatic Brain Injury:Accessed with WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 Chinese Version / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To study the activity and participation status of patients with spinal cord injury or traumatic brain injury. Methods From 2013 to 2016, 60 patients with spinal cord injury and 38 patients with traumatic brain injury were assessed with WHO Disability As-sessment Schedule 2.0 (WHO-DAS 2.0) (International Chinese Version of fully structured interviewer administered 36 questions). Results The patients with traumatic brain injury had moderate dysfunction in domains of cognition and getting along with people, and severe dys-function in other domains. The patients with spinal cord injury had mild dysfunction in domain of cognition, moderate dysfunction in do-mains of self-care and getting along with people, and severe dysfunction in other domains. The dysfunction was severer in domains of cogni-tion and self-care in the patients with traumatic brain injury than in the patients with spinal cord injury (t>2.140, P<0.05). Conclusion The inpatients with spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury are difficult in mobility, self-care, getting along with people, life activities and participation.

Opiniones de los inspectores médicos acerca de la distorsión clínica en la valoración de la incapacidad laboral en España / Opinions of medical inspectors about clinical distortion in assessment of work disability in Spain

El contexto médico-legal en el que se desarrolla la medicina evaluadora, permitiendo el acceso a prestaciones económicas, obliga a considerar la validez en las consultas de valoración médica de incapacidad para tratar de evitar el fraude por simulación. Por otra parte, en el ámbito médico asistencial son habituales los casos biomédicamente inexplicables que se acompañan de elevados niveles subjetivos de sufrimiento, para los que se ha propuesto el término MUPS (medically unexplained physical symptoms). Objetivos: Profundizar en el fenómeno de la distorsión clínica en la valoración médica de incapacidad, basado en los dos primeros criterios de Simulación del DSM-IV-TR, referido al marco teórico del Análisis de Conducta en Medicina. Métodos: Encuesta en línea dirigid el colectivo de los inspectores médicos evaluadores del Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad Social (INSS) de España para conocer sus opiniones acerca de estos casos, presentes en su práctica diaria, su manejo de los mismos y su grado de concordancia con respecto a la bibliografía de referencia. Resultados: Incluyen a una proporción representativa de dichos inspectores médicos (15 por ciento), que aparecen como un colectivo variado, por su distinta formación profesional, experiencia previa y práctica diaria en las diferentes Unidades Médicas. Conclusiones: Consideran la distorsión clínica y sus cuadros anexos como situaciones frecuentes y relevantes en sus consultas, principalmente el fraude por simulación. Pese a ello, los inspectores médicos no parecen contar actualmente con referencias específicas suficientes ni con un discurso científico común estructurado para estos casos, que son abordados según criterios individuales más o menos ajustados al estado actual del conocimiento.(AU)

The forensic context in which disability assessment medicine is practiced in Spain, allowing access to workers' compensation benefits, requires consideration of the validity of disability assessment examinations. On the other hand, in clinical medicine biomedically unexplained cases ­for which the term medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) was proposed­ are common, often accompanied by high levels of subjective suffering. Aim: To deepen in the phenomenon of clinical distortion in disability assessment examinations, based on the first two criteria of Malingering in DSM-IV-TR, referring to the theoretical framework of the Behavior Analysis in Medicine. Methods: Online survey addressed to the group of medical examiners of the National Institute of Social Security (INSS) of Spain to know their opinions on these cases, present in their everyday practice, their management and the extent of agreement to the literature of reference. Results: Collected a representative proportion of medical examiners (15 percent), they appear as a miscellaneous group due to their different professional training, previous experience and everyday practice in their different Medical Units. Conclusions: medical examiners consider the clinical distortion and related cases as frequent and relevant situations in their practice, mainly malingering. Nonetheless, medical examiners do not seem to have sufficient specific references or a structured common scientific discourse for these cases, which are approached according to individual criteria more or less adjusted to the current state of knowledge. (AU)

Alta hospitalar de clientes com lesão neurológica incapacitante: impreteríveis encaminhamentos para reabilitação / Hospital discharge of patients with disabling neurological injury: necessary referrals to rehabilitation

Resumo Trata-se de pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa realizada no segundo semestre de 2014, mediante entrevistas com 12 médicos e 13 enfermeiros gestores atuantes em Hospital de grande porte, referência na área de urgência e emergência para a Zona da Mata Mineira. Buscou identificar os critérios utilizados por médicos e enfermeiros para o preparo da alta de pessoas com lesão neurológica incapacitante e indicação para acesso a programa de reabilitação física. Para o tratamento dos dados, utilizou-se a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, modalidade temática. Os resultados mostram que os gestores hospitalares ainda encontram dificuldades para proceder ao encaminhamento adequado dessas pessoas para serviços especializados de reabilitação, o que compromete a autonomia e independência para o autocuidado. Conclui-se que os gestores além de envolver cuidadores e familiares no preparo da alta de pessoas com lesão neurológica que resulta em incapacidades para o autocuidado, deveriam avaliar as condições de acessibilidade em seus domicílios e fazer encaminhamentos adequados para serviços de reabilitação disponíveis na comunidade, a despeito da pouca divulgação acerca dos fluxos da Rede de Cuidados da Pessoa com Deficiência.

Abstract The present qualitative study was conducted in the second semester of 2014 via interviews with 12 doctors and 13 nurses working as managers at a large hospital that serves as a reference center for urgent and emergent care in the Zona da Mata region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The study sought to identify the criteria that doctors and nurses use to discharge individuals with disabling neurological injury with instructions related to accessing physical rehabilitation programs. Thematic content analysis was used to examine data. The results show that the participating hospital managers still have difficulties providing adequate referrals to specialized rehabilitation services and that their patients’ autonomy and independence for self-care are impaired as a result. We concluded that in addition to involving relatives and other caregivers in the discharge of patients with a neurological injury that impairs their self-care abilities, managers should assess the accessibility of the patient’s home and make adequate referrals to rehabilitation services in the community in light of the poor dispersal of information about what is available within the Care for People with Disability Network.